Morata,D., Polve（eの頭に´）,M., Valdes（eの頭に´）,A., Belmar,M., Dinator,M.I., Silva,M., Leiva,M.A., Aigouy,T. and Morales,J.R.(2008): Characterisation of aerosol from Santiago, Chile: an integrated PIXE-SEM-EDX study. Environ.Geol., 56, 81-95.

『チリのサンチアゴのエーロゾルの特徴づけ：統合したPIXE-SEM-EDXによる研究』

『Abstract
　Santiago de Chile is a big city with huge air quality problems, being one of the most polluted cities in the world. This is aggravated during winter by the topography and meteorological conditions of the city. Although public policies have been developed to minimise the atmospheric aerosol pollution, there is a lack of adequate knowledge and poor characterisation of these aerosols (in its PM2.5 and PM10 fractions). In this study we sampled atmospheric particles during winter in two distinct areas of Santiago: downtown (Teatinos Street) and in a more residential area (Macul). Major (Si, Al, Fe, Ca and K) and some trace element (S, Cl, Ti, P, Cr, Cu and Zn) compositions were obtained by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Morphological, type and chemical characterisation was also performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (SEM-EDX). Besides the carbon particles, the contribution of which can be quite important in the atmospheric aerosol, especially in downtown, unambiguously lithogenic (i.e. of geological origin) particles and elements are the second highest contributors. Enrichment factor calculation, together with particle identification and element correlation allow the origin of some elements and particles to be traced, revealing anthropogenic origins for some of them that are specific to the Santiago area.

Keywords: Atmospheric aerosol; Particle analysis; Mineralogy; Geochemistry; Environmental pollution』

Introduction
Geographical meteorological and geological context
Sampling and analytical techniques
Results
　Gravimetric data
　PIXE data
　SEM data
　1. Nature of the particles and their distribution in both sites: site effect
　　(a) Geological particles
　　(b) Other particles
　2. The nature and distribution of the particles between PM10 and PM2.5 fractions (Macul): size effect
　3. The nature and distribution of the particles in relation to the date (meteorological conditions)
Discussion
　Samples of the particles
　　Sources for the geological particles
　　Origin of Fe oxides
　　Origin of CaCO3 and CaSO4 particles
　　Sources of the different anthropogenic particles
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References

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