Ouimet,R., Arp,P.A., Watmough,S.A.,
Aherne,J. and Demerchant,I.(2006): Determination and mapping
critical loads of acidity and exceedances for upland forest soils
in Eastern Canada. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,
172, 57-66.
『カナダ東部の高地森林土に対する酸の臨界負荷量と超過量の決定および作図』
『Abstract
Critical loads of acidity were estimated for upland forests in
eastern Canada using the steady-state Simple Mass Balance (SMB)
Model. A consistent methodology was applied to the entire region,
although critical loads were estimated separately for the Atlantic
provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and
Newfoundland), Quebec and Ontario using different data sources.
In this project, critical load estimates and steady-state exceedance
values did not include the effect of forest fire and forest harvesting,
which could have a considerable impact on critical loads in Eastern
Canada. The observed soil pH - base saturation relationship for
forest soils indicated that the constants used into the calculation
of alkalinity leaching should be set to 10 (M/M) for the molar
Bc/Al ratio in soil leachate and 109 (mol L-1)2
for the gibbsite dissolution constant. The area-weighted median
critical load for each province varied between 519 (Quebec) and
2063 eq ha-1 y-1 (Prince Edward Island),
with a median critical load value for Eastern Canada of 559 eq
ha-1 y-1. It is estimated that approximately
52% of the mapped area is exceeded in terms of acidity according
to the 1994-1998 average total (wet + dry) atmospheric deposition.
Greatest exceedances occurred in Ontario and Quebec and in the
south of Nova Scotia, due to low critical loads and high loads
of acid deposition.
Keywords: acid deposition; Bc/Al ratio; critical loads; Eastern
Canada; ecological mapping; forest soils』
1. Introduction
2. Calculation and mapping of critical loads and exceedances
2.1. The SMB model
2.2. Determining the appropriate values for Bc/Alcrit
and KGibb using the soil pH - base saturation
relationship
2.3. Data sources
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Critical values that relate soil pH to base saturation
3.2. Critical loads and exceedances
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
- Dupont,J., Clair,T.A., Couture,S., Estabrook,R., Gagnon,C.,
Godfrey,P.J., Heffries,D.S., Kahl,J.S., Khan,H., Nelson,S., Peckenham,J.,
Pilgrim,W., Stacey,P., Taylor,D. and Van Arsdale,A.(2005): Critical
Loads of Acidity and Water Sensitivity in New Englang States
and Eastern Canadian Provinces. Environmental Monitoring
Assessment (in press).
- FPT MEE(1998): The Canada-wide acid rain strategy for
post-2000. Strategy and supporting document. Federal/Provincial/Territorial
Ministers of Energy and Environment, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,
11p.
⇒The Canada-wide acid rain strategy for post-2000 http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/1998_acid_rain_strategy_e.pdf
⇒Five-year Review of The Canada-Wide Acid Rain Strategy for
Post-2000 http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/5_year_review_acid_rain_strategy_e1.0_web.pdf
- Jeffries,D.S., Ouimet,R., Aherne,J., Arp,P.A., Balland,V.,
Demerchant,I., Dupont,J., Franklyn,J., Lam,D.C.L., Norouzian,D.F.,
Watmough,S. and Wong,I.(2005): Chapter 8.4. Critical load
values and exceedances. In Meteorological Service of Canada
(ed.) 2004 Canadian acid deposition science assessment,
Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 350-369.
⇒CHAPTER 8 - Critical Loads: Are They Being Exceeded? http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/saib/acid/assessment2004/pg43_e.html
⇒2004 Canadian Acid Deposition Science Assessment - Summary
of Key Results http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/saib/acid/assessment2004/summary/index_e.html
- NEG/ECP Forest Mapping Group(2001): Protocol for assessment
and mapping of forest sensitivity to atmospheric S and N deposition.
New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, Acid Rain
Action Plan, Halifax, Canada.
- UBA(2004): UBA, 2004, Manual on methodologies and criteria
for modelling and mapping critical loads and levels and air pollution
effect risks, and trends. UNECE Convention on Long-range
Transboundary Air Pollution, Berlin, Germany, 202p.
⇒Manual on methodologies and criteria for Modelling and Mapping
Critical Loads & Levels and Air Pollution Effects, Risks
and Trends http://www.umweltdaten.de/publikationen/fpdf-l/2837.pdf
⇒ICP
Modelling and Mapping Critical loads and levels approach
戻る