『Abstract
This report contains nine unconventional energy resource commodity
summaries prepared by committees of the Energy Minerals Division
(EMD) of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Unconventional
energy resources, as used in this report, are those energy resources
that do not occur in discrete oil or gas reservoirs held in structural
or stratigraphic traps in sedimentary basins. These resources
include coal, coalbed methane, gas hydrates, tight gas sands,
gas shale and shale oil, geothermal resources, oil sands, oil
shale, and uranium resources. Current U.S. and global research
and development activities are summarized for each unconventional
energy commodity in the topical sections of this report. Coal
and uranium are expected to supply a significant portion of the
world's energy mix in coming years. Coalbed methane continues
to supply about 9% of the U.S. gas production and exploration
is expanding in other countries. Recently, natural gas produced
from shale and low-permeability (tight) sandstone has made a significant
contribution to the energy supply of the United States and is
an increasing target for exploration around the world. In addition,
oil from shale and heavy oil from sandstone are a new exploration
focus in many area (including the Green River area of Wyoming
and northern Alberta). In recent years, research in the areas
of geothermal energy sources and gas hydrates has continued to
advance. Reviews of the current research and the stages of development
of these unconventional energy resources are described in the
various sections of this report.
Key Words: Coal; Coalbed methane; Gas hydrates; Tight gas sands;
Gas shale and shale oil; Geothermal; Oil sands; Oil shale; Uranium;
Unconventional energy resources.』
Introduction
Peter D. Waewick
Coal
W.A.Ambrose
World production and consumption
U.S. production and consumption
Clean coal
Underground coal gasification
Coal-to-liquids
Coalbed methane
J.C.Pashin
Gas hydrate
A.H.Johnson
Tight gas sands
C.D.Jenkins
Introduction
Dew-Minns Creak Field
Jonah Field
Mamm Creek Field
Wamsutter Field
Gas shale/shale oil
N.S.Fishman, s.R.Bereskin, K.A.Bowker, B.J.Cartdott, T.C.Chidsey,Jr.,
R.F.Dubiel, C.B.Enomoto, W.B.Harrison, D.M.Jarvie, C.L.Jenkins,
J.A.LeFever, Peng Ki, J.N.McCracken, C.D.Morgan, S.H.Nordeng,
R.E.Nyahay, Steven Schamel, R.L.Summer, L.L.Wray
Introduction
Antrim Shale
Bakken Formation
Barnett Shale
Chattanooga Shale
Eagle Ford Shale
Fayetteville Shale
Gothic Shale
Haynesville and Bossier Shales
Mancos Shale
Marcellus Shale
New Albany Shale
Utica Shale
Woodford Shale
Canadian Shales
European Shales
Geothermal
R.J.Erdlac,Jr.
Introduction
DOE funding
Geothermal and the oil and gas industry
The future
Oil sands
D.K.Higley, F.J.Hein
Oil shale developments
J.Boak
U.S. activity
International activity
Information resources
Uranium and nuclear minerals - an update
M..D.Campbell, M.A.Wiley
Introduction
U.S. uranium production
Uranium prices
U.S. nuclear power plant plans
U.S. uranium reserves/resources
Uranium: emphasis on supply
World uranium resources
References
Web links for oil sands/heavy oil organizations and publications