Wu,L.M., Zhou,C.H., Keeling,J., Tong,D.S. and Yu,W.H.(2012): Towards an understanding of the role of clay minerals in crude oil formation, migration and accumulation. Earth-Science Reviews, 115, 373-386.

『原油の形成と移動と集積における粘土鉱物の役割の理解に向けて』


Abstract
 This article reviews progress in the understanding of the role of clay minerals in crude oil formation, migration and accumulation. Clay minerals are involved in the formation of kerogen, catalytic cracking of kerogen into petroleum hydrocarbon, the migration of crude oil, and the continued change to hydrocarbon composition in underground petroleum reservoirs. In kerogen formation, clay minerals act as catalysts and sorbents to immobilize organic matter through ligand exchange, hydrophobic interactions and cation bridges by the mechanisms of Maillard reactions, polyphenol theory, selective preservation and sorptive protection. Clay minerals also serve as catalysts in acid-catalyzed cracking of kerogen into petroleum hydrocarbon through Lewis and Brφnsted acid sites on the clay surface. The amount and type of clay mineral affect the composition of the petroleum. Brφnsted acidity of clay minerals is affected by the presence and state of interlayer water, and displacement of this water is a probable driver in crude oil migration from source rocks. During crude oil migration and accumulation in reservoirs, the composition of petroleum is continually modified by interaction with clay minerals. The clays continue to function as sorbents and catalysts even while they are being transformed by diagenetic processes. The detail of chemical interactions and reaction mechanisms between clay minerals and crude oil formation remains to be fully explained but promises to provide insights with broader application, including catalytic conversion of biomass as a source of sustainable energy into the future.

Keywords: Crude oil; Clay minerals; Petroleum; Kerogen; Hydrocarbon; Catalysis』

Contents
1. Introduction
2. The acidity of clay minerals
3. The role of clay minerals in kerogen formation
 3.1. The role of sorption and protection of clay minerals
 3.2. The role of clay minerals in degradation-recondensation of organic matter
  3.2.1. Maillard reactions
  3.2.2. Polyphenol theory
  3.2.3. Clay-humic complexes formation
 3.3. The role of clay minerals in selective preservation of organic matter
4. The catalysis of clay minerals in the conversion of kerogen into crude oil
 4.1. Catalytic hydrocarbon cracking
 4.2. Catalytic decarboxylation
5. The expulsion and migration of crude oil from source rocks
6. The role of clay minerals in the reservoirs of crude oil
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References


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