Preface, by Paul B. Barton III
Introduction, by Dennis P. Cox, Paul B. Barton, and Donald A. Singer 1

Deposit models

Deposits related to mafic and ultramafic intrusions in stable environments
1　　Descriptive model of Stillwater Ni-Cu, by Norman J Page 11
2a 　Descriptive model of Bushveld Cr, by Norman J Page 13
2b　 Descriptive model of Merensky Reef PGE, by Norman J Page 14
3　　Descriptive model of Bushveld Fe-Ti-V, by Norman J Page 15

Deposits related to mafic-ultramafic rocks in unstable areas
5a　Descriptive model of Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE, by Norman J Page 16
5b　Descriptive model of Noril’sk Cu-Ni-PGE, by Norman J Page 17
6a　Descriptive model of komatiitic Ni-Cu, by Norman J Page 18
　　Grade and tonnage model of komatiitic Ni-Cu, by Donald A. Singer, Norman J Page, and W. David Menzie 18
6b　Descriptive model of dunitic Ni-Cu, by Norman J Page 24
　　Grade and tonnage model of dunitic Ni-Cu, by Donald A. Singer and Norman J Page 24
7a　Descriptive model of synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu, by Norman J Page 28
　　Grade and tonnage model of synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu, by Donald A. Singer, Norman J Page, and W. David Menzie 28
7b　Descriptive model of anorthosite Ti, by Eric R. Force 32
8a　Descriptive model of podiform chromite, by John P. Albers 34
　　Grade and tonnage model of minor podiform chromite, by Donald A. Singer and Norman J Page 34
8b　Grade and tonnage model of major podiform chromite,by Donald A. Singer, Norman J Page, and Bruce R. Lipin 38
8c　Descriptive model of Limassol Forest Co-Ni, by Norman J Page 45
8d　Descriptive model of serpentine-hosted asbestos, by Norman J Page 46
　　Grade and tonnage model of serpentine-hosted asbestos, by Greta J. Orris 46
9　Descriptive model of Alaskan PGE,by Norman J Page and Floyd Gray 49

Deposits related to alkaline intrusions
10　Descriptive model of carbonatite deposits, by Donald A. Singer 51
　　　Grade and tonnage model of carbonatite deposits, by Donald A. Singer 52
12　Descriptive model of diamond pipes, by Dennis P. Cox 54
　　　Deposits related to felsic phanerocrystalline intrusive rocks
14a　Descriptive model of W skarn deposits, by Dennis P. Cox 55
　　　Grade and tonnage model of W skarn deposits,by W. David Menzie and Gail M. Jones 55
14b　Descriptive model of Sn skarn deposits, by Bruce L. Reed and Dennis P. Cox 58
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Sn skarn deposits,by W. David Menzie and Bruce L. Reed 58
14c　Descriptive model of replacement Sn, by Bruce L. Reed 61
　　　Grade and tonnage model of replacement Sn,by W. David Menzie and Bruce L. Reed 62
15a　Descriptive model of W veins, by Dennis P.Cox and William C. Bagby 64
　　　Grade and tonnage model of W veins, by Gail M. Jones and W. David Menzie 65
15b　Descriptive model of Sn veins, by Bruce L. Reed 67
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Sn veins, by W. David Menzie and Bruce L. Reed 67
15c　Descriptive mode of Sn greisen deposits, by Bruce L. Reed 70
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Sn greisen deposits, by W. David Menzie and Bruce L. Reed 71

Deposits related to felsic porphyroaphanitic intrusions
16　Descriptive model of Climax Mo deposits,by Stephen D. Ludington 73
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Climax Mo deposits, by Donald A. Singer, Ted G. Theodore, and Dan L. Mosier 73
17　Descriptive model of porphyry Cu, by Dennis P. COX 76
　　　Grade and tonnage model of porphyry Cu, by Donald A. Singer, Dan L. Mosier, and Dennis p. COX 77
18a　Descriptive model of porphyry Cu,skarn-related deposits, by Dennis P. Cox 82
　　　Grade and tonnage model of porphyry Cu, skarn-related deposits, by Donald A. Singer 82
18b　Descriptive model of Cu skarn deposits, by Dennis P. COX and Ted G. Theodore 86
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Cu skarn deposits, by Gail M. Jones and W. David Menzie 86
18c　Descriptive model of Zn-Pb skarn deposits, by Dennis P. Cox 90
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Zn-Pb skarn deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 90
18d　Descriptive model of Fe skarn deposits, by Dennis P. COX 94
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Fe skarn deposits, by Dan L. Mosier and W. David Menzie 94
18e　Descriptive model of carbonate-hosted asbestos, by Chester T. Wrucke Jr. and Andrew F. Shride 98
19a　Descriptive model of polymetallic replacement deposits, by Hal T. Morris 99
　　　Grade and tonnage model polymetallic replacement deposits, by Dan L. Mosier, Hal T. Morris,and Donald A. Singer 101
19b　Descriptive model of replacement Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 105
　　　Grade and tonnage model of replacement Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 105
20a　Descriptive model of porphyry Sn, by Bruce L. Reed 108
20b　Descriptive model of Sn-polymetallic veins, by Yukio Togashi 109
20c　Descriptive model of porphyry Cu-Au, by Dennis P. COX 110
　　　Grade and tonnage model of porphyry Cu-AU, by Donald A. Singer and Dennis P. Cox 110
21a　Descriptive model of porphyry Cu-Mo, by Dennis P. COX 115
　　　Grade and tonnage model of porphyry Cu-Mo,by Donald A. Singer, Dennis P. Cox, and Dan L. Mosier 116
21b　Descriptive model of porphyry Mo,low-F, by Ted G. Theodore 120
　　　Grade and tonnage model porphyry Mo, low-F, by W. David Menzie and Ted G. Theodore 120
22a　Descriptive model of volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb, by Dennis P. Cox 123
22b　Descriptive model of Au-Ag-Te veins,by Dennis P. Cox and William C. Bagby 124
22c　Descriptive model of polymetallic veins, by Dennis P. Cox 125
　　　Grade and tonnage model polymetallic veins, by James D. Bliss and Dennis P. Cox 125

Deposits related to subaerial mafic extrusive rocks
23　Descriptive model of basaltic Cu, by Dennis P. Cox 130

Deposits related to marine mafic extrusive rocks
24a　Descriptive model of Cyprus massive sulfide, by Donald A. Singer 131
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Cyprus massive sulfide, by Donald A. Singer and Dan L. Mosier 131
24b　Descriptive model of Besshi massive sulfide, by Dennis P. Cox 136
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Besshi massive sulfide, by Donald A. Singer 136
24c　Descriptive model of volcanogenic Mn, by Randolph A. Koski 139
　　　Grade and tonnage model of volcanogenic Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 139
24d　Descriptive model of Blackbird Co-Cu, by Robert L. Earhart 142

Deposits related to subaerial felsic to mafic extrusive rocks
25a　Descriptive model of hot-spring Au-Ag, by Byron R. Berger 143
25b　Descriptive model of Creede epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier,Takeo Sate, Norman J Page, Donald A. Singer,
and Byron R. Berger 145
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Creede epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier, Takeo Sate, and Donald A. Singer 146
25c　Descriptive model of Comstock epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier, Donald A. Singer, and Byron R. Berger 150
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Comstock epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier, Takeo Sate, and Donald A. Singer 151
25d　Descriptive model of Sado epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier, Byron R. Berger, and Donald A. Singer 154
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Sado epithermal veins, by Dan L. Mosier and Takeo Sato 155
25e　Descriptive model of epithermal quartz-alunite Au, by Byron R. Berger 158
　　　Grade and tonnage model of epithermal quartz-alunite Au, by Dan L. Mosier and W. David Menzie 159
25f　Descriptive model of volcanogenic U, by William C. Bagby 162
　　　Grade and tonnage model of volcanogenic U, by Dan L. Mosier 162
25g　Descriptive model of epithermal Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 165
　　　Grade and tonnage model of epithermal Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 166
25h　Descriptive model of rhyolite-hosted Sn, by Bruce L. Reed, Wendell Duffield, Stephen D. Ludington, Charles H. Maxwell, and Donald H. Richter 168
　　　Grade and tonnage model rhyolite-hosted Sn, by Donald A. Singer and Dan L. Mosier 169
25i　Descriptive model of volcanic-hosted magnetite, by Dennis P. Cox 172
　　　Grade and tonnage model volcanic-hosted magnetite, by Dan L. Mosier 172
26a　Descriptive model of carbonate-hosted Au-Ag, by Byron R. Berger 175
　　Grade and tonnage model carbonate-hosted Au-Ag, by William C. Bagby, W. David Menzie, Dan L. Mosier, and Donald A. Singer 175
27a　Descriptive model of hot-spring Hg, by James J. Rytuba 178
　　　Grade and tonnage model of hot-spring Hg by James J. Rytuba 178
27b　Descriptive model of Almaden Hg, by James J. Rytuba 180
27c　Descriptive model of silica-carbonate Hg, by James J. Rytuba 181
　　　Grade and tonnage model of silica-carbonate Hg, by James J. Rytuba and Simon M. Cargill 181
27d　Descriptive model of simple Sb deposits, by James D. Bliss and Greta J. Orris 183
　　　Grade and tonnage model of simple Sb deposits, by James D. Bliss and Greta J. Orris 184
27e　Grade and tonnage model of disseminated Sb deposits by James D. Bliss and Greta J. Orris 187

Deposits related to marine felsic to mafic extrusive rocks
28a　Descriptive model of kuroko massive sulfide, by Donald A. Singer 189
　　　Grade and tonnage model kuroko massive sulfide, by Donald A. Singer and Dan L. Mosier 190
28b　Descriptive model of Algoma Fe, by William F. Cannon 198

Deposits in elastic sedimentary rocks
29a　Descriptive model of quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U, by Dennis P. Cox 199
29b　Descriptive model of Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au, by Dennis P, Cox 200
30a　Descriptive model of sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn, by Joseph A. Briskey 201
　　　Grade and tonnage model of sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn, by Dan L. Mosier 202
30b　Descriptive model of sediment-hosted Cu, by Dennis P. Cox 205
　　　Grade and tonnage model of sediment-hosted Cu, by Dan L. Mosier, Donald A. Singer, and Dennis P. Cox 206
30c　Descriptive model of sandstone U, by Christine E. Turner-Peterson and Carroll A. Hodges 209
31a　Descriptive model of sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb, by Joseph A. Briskey 211
　　　Grade and tonnage model of sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb, by W. David Menzie and Dan L. Mosier 212
31b　Descriptive model of bedded barite,by Greta J. Orris 216
　　　Grade and tonnage model of bedded barite, by Greta J. Orris 216
31c　Descriptive model of emerald veins, by Dennis P. Cox 219

Deposits in carbonate rocks
32a　Descriptive model of southeast Missouri Pb-Zn, by Joseph A. Briskey 220
32b　Descriptive model of Appalachian Zn, by Joseph A. Briskey 222
　　　Grade and tonnage model of southeast Missouri Pb-Zn and Appalachian Zn deposits, by Dan L. Mosier and
Joseph A. Briskey 224
32c　Descriptive model of Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn,by Dennis P. Cox and Lawrence R. Bernstein 227

Chemical-sedimentary deposits
34a　Descriptive model of Superior Fe, by William F. Cannon 228
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Superior Fe and Algoma Fe deposits, by Dan L. Mosier and Donald A. Singer 228
34b　Descriptive model of sedimentary Mn, by William F. Cannon and Eric R. Force 231
　　　Grade and tonnage model of sedimentary Mn, by Dan L. Mosier 231
34c　Descriptive model of upwelling type phosphate deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 234
　　　Grade and tonnage model of upwelling type phosphate deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 234
34d　Descriptive model of warm-current type phosphate deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 237
　　　Grade and tonnage model warm-current type phosphate deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 237

Deposits related to regionally metamorphosed rocks
36a　Descriptive model of low-sulfide Au-quartz veins, by Byron R. Berger 239
　　　Grade and tonnage model low-sulfide Au-quartz veins, by James D. Bliss 239
36b　Descriptive model of Homestake Au, by Byron R. Berger 244
　　　Grade and tonnage model of Homestake Au, by Dan L. Mosier 245
37a　Descriptive model of unconformity U-Au, by Richard I. Grauch and Dan. L. Mosier 248
　　　Grade and tonnage model of unconformity U-Au, by Dan L. Mosier 249
37b　Descriptive model of gold on flat faults, by Bruce A. Bouley 251

Deposits related to surficial processes and unconformities
38a　Descriptive model of lateritic Ni, by Donald A. Singer 252
　　　Grade and tonnage model lateritic Ni, by Donald A. Singer 252
38b　Descriptive model of laterite type bauxite deposits, by Sam H. Patterson 255
　　　Grade and tonnage model laterite type bauxite deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 255
38c　Descriptive model of karst type bauxite deposits, by Sam H. Patterson 258
　　　Grade and tonnage model karst type bauxite deposits, by Dan L. Mosier 258
39a　Descriptive model of placer Au-PGE, by Warren E. Yeend 261
　　　Grade and tonnage model of placer Au-PGE, by Greta J. Orris and James D. Bliss 261
39b　Descriptive model of placer PGE-Au, by Warren E. Yeend and Norman J Page 265
　　　Grade and tonnage model of placer PGE-Au, by Donald A. Singer and Norman J page 265
39c　Descriptive model of shoreline placer Ti, by Eric R. Force 270
　　　Grade and tonnage model of shoreline placer Ti, by Emil D. Attanasi and John H. DeYoung, Jr. 270
39d　Descriptive model of diamond placers, by Dennis P. COX 274
39e　Descriptive model of alluvial placer Sn, by Bruce L. Reed 275

References 276
Appendixes
A. Locality abbreviations 291
B. Summary statistics of grade-tonnage models, by Donald A. Singer 293
C. Commodity geochemical index, by Paul B. Barton 303
D. Mineralogical index, by Paul B. Barton 318
E. Index of deposits 349