Contents

Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................iii
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................1
Regional geologic framework......................................................................................................................3
Major geologic provinces and structures..................................................................................................................3
Overview of geologic and tectonic history................................................................................................................4
Major mineral regions and significant known mineral deposits......................................5
Metals.............................................................................................................................................................................5
Aluminum deposits....................................................................................................................................................5
Antimony deposits.....................................................................................................................................................6
Chromium (chromite) deposits................................................................................................................................6
Cobalt deposits...........................................................................................................................................................6
Copper deposits.........................................................................................................................................................6
Gold and silver............................................................................................................................................................7
Iron deposits...............................................................................................................................................................8
Lead deposits..............................................................................................................................................................8
Molybdenum deposits...............................................................................................................................................9
Nickel deposits...........................................................................................................................................................9
Rare-earth elements, uranium, and thorium deposits.........................................................................................9
Silver deposits..........................................................................................................................................................10
Tin and tungsten deposits......................................................................................................................................10
Titanium deposits.....................................................................................................................................................10
Zinc and lead deposits............................................................................................................................................10
Other metal deposits...............................................................................................................................................11
Industrial minerals.....................................................................................................................................................11
Barite..........................................................................................................................................................................11
Beryllium....................................................................................................................................................................12
Boron..........................................................................................................................................................................12
Clays, bentonite and kaolin....................................................................................................................................12
Diamonds...................................................................................................................................................................12
Gemstones................................................................................................................................................................12
Fluorite (fluorspar) deposits...................................................................................................................................12
Graphite deposits.....................................................................................................................................................13
Evaporite minerals and fertilizers (phosphate, potash, salt).............................................................................13
Magnesite, talc and asbestos...............................................................................................................................13
Manganese...............................................................................................................................................................14
Perlite and pyrophyllite...........................................................................................................................................14
Silica sand.................................................................................................................................................................14
Other industrial mineral deposits..........................................................................................................................14
Regional exploration history and significant recent discoveries...................................14
Exploration for metal deposits...................................................................................................................................15
Exploration for industrial mineral deposits..............................................................................................................15
Potential for occurrence of undiscovered mineral resources...........................................16
Potential for metal deposits.......................................................................................................................................16
Potential for industrial mineral deposits...................................................................................................................17
Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................................................19
References Cited..................................................................................................................................................19
Tables............................................................................................................................................................................27
Figures..........................................................................................................................................................................47

Tables
Table 1. Major nonfuel known commodities of mineral deposits in each country in the Asia and Pacific region...27
Table 2. Main nonfuel known mineral deposits in the Asia and Pacific Region............................................................................29

Figures
Figure 1. World map showing location of regional reports and the countries of the Asia and Pacific region...49
Figure 2. Location of countries and geographic features in the Asia and Pacific region.................................50
Figure 3. Distribution of rocks divided into the five main ages of earth history in the Asia and Pacific region...51
Figure 4A -4C. Main nonfuel known mineral deposits in the Asia and Pacific region .....................................52
Figure 5. Schematic laterite profile, showing the effect of deep weathering in the tropical climates of the Asia and Pacific region...55
Figure 6. Schematic geologic diagrams of copper deposit types in the Asia and Pacific region...................56
Figure 7. Schematic geologic diagrams of gold and silver deposit types in the Asia and Pacific region...57
Figure 8. North-south cross section, looking west through the Mount Whaleback sedimentary iron deposit...58
Figure 9. Geology of the Kambalda Dome, Western Australia, showing nickel ore shoots.............................59
Figure 10. Geologic diagrams of rare-earth element and, uranium and thorium deposits in the Asia and Pacific region...60
Figure 11. Idealized cross section through sedimentary rock-hosted zinc-lead deposit, similar to those in Australia and India...61

Figure 3. Distribution of rocks divided into the five main ages of earth history in the Asia and Pacific region (Geological Survey of Canada, 1995). Figure 4A - Main nonfuel mineral deposits in the Asia and Pacific Region. The deposits are tabulated on table 2. Figure 4B - Main nonfuel mineral deposits in the Asia and Pacific Region. The deposits are tabulated on table 2. Figure 4C - Main nonfuel mineral deposits in the Asia and Pacific Region. The deposits are tabulated on table 2. USGSのGeology and Nonfuel Mineral Deposits of Asia and the Pacificから