『Abstract
New data on the Akkermanov deposit characterized by specific
structure and composition of primary (carbonate) and secondary
(manganese oxide) ores are presented. Distribution of mineralization
in host rocks and weathering crusts is considered. It is shown
that manganiferous carbonate rocks, which host orebodies, formed
in a marine basin with well-aerated bottom waters. Oxide ores
are mainly composed of crystalline pyrolusite produced by multiple
processes of the oxidation of manganese compounds. In this respect,
the Akkermanov deposit differs drastically from all manganese
deposits developed in Russia and Ukraine.』
(Introduction)
Overview of geological characteristics of the Akkermanov ore district
Lithological characteristics of ore-bearing rocks
The lower horizon
The middle horizon
The upper horizon
Structure and composition of the weathering crust
Kaolinite zone
Monmorillonite-hydromica zone
Leaching (decomposition and disintegration) zone
Morphology of orebodies and composition of ores
Manganese carbonate ores
Manganese oxide ores
Pyrolusite ores
Cryptomelane ores
Goethite-pyrolusite ores
Todorokite ores
Mineral composition of manganese oxide ores
Pyrolusite
Cryptomelane
Romanechite
Vernadite
Todorokite
Manganite
Goethite
Lithiophorite
Formation conditions of manganiferous rocks and ores
Conclusions
References