『Abstract
　The effects of elevated pH, ionic strength, and temperature on sediments in the vadose zone are of primary importance in modeling contaminant transport and understanding the environmental impact of tank leakage at nuclear waste storage facilities like those of the Hanford site. This study was designed to investigate biotite dissolution under simulated high level waste (HLW) conditions and its impact on Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization. Biotite dissolution increased with NaOH concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 2 mol L^-1. There was a corresponding release of K, Fe, Si, and Al to solution, with Si and Al showing a complex pattern due to the formation of secondary zeolite minerals. Dissolved Fe concentrations were an order of magnitude lower than the other elements, possibly due to the formation of green rust and Fe(OH)2. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) also increased with increased NaOH concentration. A homogeneous reduction of chromate by Fe(II)aq released through biotite dissolution was probably the primary pathway responsible for this reaction. Greater ionic strengths increased biotite dissolution and consequently increased Fe(II)aq release and Cr(VI) removal. The results indicated that HLW would cause phyllosilicate dissolution and the formation of secondary precipitates that would have a major impact on radionuclide and contaminant transport in the vadose zone at the Hanford site.』

1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results and discussion
　3.1. Biotite dissolution and secondary precipitate formation under alkaline pH conditions
　　3.1.1. Biotite dissolution under alkaline pH conditions
　　3.1.2. Solid phase characterization and secondary precipitate formation
　3.2. Chromate reduction by biotite under alkaline pH conditions
　　3.2.1. Chromate reduction by biotite
　　3.2.2. Chromate reduction by preaged biotite in NaOH solutions
4. Conclusions and implications
Acknowledgments
References