International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
(Tokyo Code), Electronic version
PREAMBLE（前文）
- Botany requires a precise and simple system of nomenclature（命名法体系）
used by botanists in all countries, dealing on the one hand with
the terms which denote the ranks（ランク（階級）） of taxonomic
groups（分類学的群） or units（分類学上の単位）, and on the other
hand with the scientific names（科学上の名） which are applied
to the individual taxonomic groups of plants. The purpose
of giving a name（名（学名）） to a taxonomic group is
not to indicate its characters or history, but to supply a means
of referring to it and to indicate its taxonomic rank（分類学上のランク（分類階級））.
This Code（国際植物命名規約） aims at the provision of a
stable method of naming taxonomic groups, avoiding and
rejecting the use of names which may cause error or ambiguity
or throw science into confusion. Next in importance is the avoidance
of the useless creation of names. Other considerations, such
as absolute grammatical correctness, regularity or euphony of
names, more or less prevailing custom, regard for persons, etc.,
notwithstanding their undeniable importance, are relatively accessory.
- The Principles（原則） form the basis of the system
of botanical nomenclature（植物命名法体系）.
- The detailed Provisions（規定） are divided into Rules（規則）,
set out in the Articles（条項）, and Recommendations（勧告）.
Examples (Ex.)（実例） are added to the rules and recommendations
to illustrate them.
- The object of the Rules is to put the nomenclature
of the past into order and to provide for that of the future;
names contrary to a rule cannot be maintained.
- The Recommendations deal with subsidiary points, their
object being to bring about greater uniformity and clearness,
especially in future nomenclature; names contrary
to a recommendation cannot, on that account, be rejected,
but they are not examples to be followed.
- The provisions regulating the modification of this
Code form its last division（第III部）.
- The rules and recommendations
apply to all organisms traditionally treated as plants, whether
fossil or non-fossil, e.g., blue-green algae（藍藻類） (Cyanobacteria);
fungi, including chytrids（ツボカビ類）, oomycetes（卵菌類）,
and slime moulds（細胞性粘菌）; photosynthetic protists（プロティスト（原生生物））
and taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups（非光合成生物群）.
- Special provisions are needed for certain groups of
plants: The International code of nomenclature for cultivated
plants-1980 （国際栽培植物命名規約）was adopted by the International
Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants（国際栽培植物命名委員会）;
provisions for the names of hybrids（雑種）
appear in App. I（付則 I）.
- The only proper reasons for changing a name are either
a more profound knowledge of the facts resulting from adequate
taxonomic study or the necessity of giving up a nomenclature
that is contrary to the rules.
- In the absence of a relevant rule or where the consequences
of rules are doubtful, established custom（慣例） is
followed.
- This edition of the Code supersedes all previous
editions.
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