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Appendix IV Average abundance of elements in the Earth's continental crust, in three common rocks, and in seawater (in parts per million)
付録�W　大陸地殻、3種類の普通の岩石、および海水の平均元素存在度（ppm）

	Crust 地殻	Granite 花崗岩	Diabase(basalt) 輝緑岩（玄武岩）	Shale 頁岩	Seawater 海水
O	466,000	485,000	449,000	495,000	880,000
Si	277,200	339,600	246,100	273,000	2.5
Al	81,300	74,300	79,400	80,000	0.003
Fe	50,000	13,700	77,600	47,200	0.003
Ca	36,300	9,900	78,300	22,100	450
Na	28,300	24,600	16,000	9,600	10,800
K	25,900	45,100	5,300	26,600	390
Mg	20,900	2,400	39,900	15,000	1,290
Ti	4,400	1,500	6,400	4,600	0.0001
H	1,400	400	600	6,300	110,000
P	1,050	390	610	700	0.09
Mn	950	195	1,280	850	0.0002
F	625	700	250	740	1.3
Ba	425	1,220	160	580	0.015
Sr	375	250	190	300	7.8
S	260	58	123	2,400	900
C	200	200	100	1,000	28
Zr	165	210	105	160	2×10-5
V	135	17	264	130	0.0022
Cl	130	70	200	180	18,800
Cr	100	20	114	90	0.0003
Rb	90	220	21	140	0.12
Ni	75	1	76	68	0.0005
Zn	70	45	86	95	0.0003
Ce	60	170	23	50	2×10-6
Cu	55	13	110	45	0.0002
Y	33	13	25	26	1×10-5
La	30	101	10	24	6×10-6
Nd	28	55	15	24	4×10-6
Co	25	2.4	47	19	1×10-6
Sc	22	2.9	35	13	9×10-7
Li	20	22	15	66	0.18
N	20	59	52	60	670
Nb	20	24	9.5	11	1×10-5
Ga	15	20	16	19	2×10-6
Pb	13	48	7.8	20	3×10-6
B	10	1.7	15	100	4.5
Pr	8.2	19	3.4	6.1	9×10-7
Th	7.2	50	2.4	12	5×10-8
Sm	6.0	8.3	3.6	5.8	8×10-7
Gd	5.4	5	4	5.2	1×10-6
Yb	3.4	1.1	2.1	2.2	2×10-6
Dy	3.0	2.4	4	4.3	2×10-6
Cs	3	1.5	0.9	5	3×10-4
Hf	3	5.2	2.7	2.8	3×10-6
Er	2.8	1.2	2.4	2.7	1×10-6
Be	2.8	3	0.8	3	2×10-7
Br	2.5	0.4	0.4	4	67
Sn	2	3.5	3.2	6.0	6×10-7
Ta	2	1.5	0.5	0.8	2×10-6
U	1.8	3.4	0.6	3.7	0.0032
As	1.8	0.5	1.9	13	0.0017
Ge	1.5	1.1	1.4	1.6	4×10-6
Mo	1.5	6.5	0.6	2.6	0.01
W	1.5	0.4	0.5	1.8	0.0001
Ho	1.2	0.35	0.69	1.2	5×10-7
Eu	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	2×10-7
Tb	0.9	0.54	0.65	0.9	2×10-7
Tl	0.5	0.15	0.30	1.0	1×10-5
Lu	0.5	0.19	0.35	0.6	3×10-7
Tm	0.5	0.15	0.30	0.5	3×10-7
I	0.5	<0.03	<0.03	2.2	0.058
Sb	0.2	0.31	1.0(?)	1.5	0.0002
Cd	0.2	0.03	0.15	0.3	8×10-5
Bi	0.2	0.07	0.05	0.4	4×10-9
In	0.1	0.02	0.07	0.1	1×10-7
Hg	0.08	0.1	0.2	0.4	4×10-7
Ag	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.07	3×10-6
Se	0.05	0.007	0.3	0.6	0.0002
Pd	0.01	0.002	0.025		7×10-8
Pt	0.01	0.0019	0.0012		3×10-7
Te, Re, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Au have concentrations of 0.01 ppm or less in rocks and less than 10-5 ppm in seawater. Concentrations of inert gases in seawater: He, 6.8×10-6 ppm; Ne, 1.2×10-4 ppm; Ar, 4.3×10-3 ppm; Kr, 2×10-4 ppm; Xe, 5×10-5 ppm. Sources: Concentrations in crust, granite, diabase(basalt), and shale from Mason, B., and C. B. Moore: Principles of Geochemistry, 4th ed., Wiley, New York, pp. 46-47 and 176-177, 1982. Concentrations in seawater from Li, Y. -H.:“Distribution patterns of the elements in the oceans: a synthesis,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 55, pp. 3224-3225, 1991. Notes: The heading “crust” means the continental crust only, a part of the crust that is assumed to be made up of roughly equal parts of granite and basalt. For the oceanic vrust a composition similar to that of average basalt can be assumed. “Granite” includes silica-rich rocks ranging from alkali granite to granodiorite and their volcanic equivalents; the analysis chosen by Mason and Moore as representative is for a granite from Rhode Island. “Diabase” includes the more common varieties of basaltic lava, diabase, and dolerite; the analysis represents a diabase from Virginia. For “shale,” Mason and Moore used an earlier compilation by K.K. Turekian and K.H. Wedepohl (Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 72, p. 186, 1961), with some updating. “Seawater” is an average analysis of deep Atlantic and deep Pacific water, updated by Y.-H. Li from earlier work by M. Whitfield and D.R. Turner (in Stumm, W., (ed.): Aquatic Surface Chemistry, Wiley, pp. 457-493, 1987). No great accuracy can be claimed for any of the values, because they depend on subjective judgments about the kinds of material to be included in each category, and because they are subject to change as analytical techniques improve.

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