Content
Chapter 1 General Provisions
(Articles 1-13)
Chapter 2 Basic Policies for Environmental
Conservation
Section 1 Guidelines for Policy Formulation (Article 14)
Section 2 Basic Environment Plan (Article
15)
Section 3 Environmental Quality Standards (Article 16)
Section 4 Environmental Pollution Control in Specific Areas
(Articles 17 and 18)
Section 5 Implementation of Policies for Environmental Conservation
by the State (Articles 19-31)
Section 6 International Cooperation for Global Environmental
Conservation etc. (Articles 32-35)
Section 7 Implementation of Policies by Local Governments (Article
36)
Section 8 Bearing of Costs and Financial Measures (Articles 37-40)
Chapter 3 Environment Council etc.
Section 1 Environment Council (Articles 41-44)
Section 2 Conference on Environmental Pollution Control (Articles
45
and 46)
Supplementary Provision
(Purpose)
Article 1
The purpose of this law is to comprehensively and systematically
promote policies for environmental conservation to ensure healthy
and cultured living for both the present and future generations
of the nation as well as to contribute to the welfare of mankind,
through articulating the basic principles, clarifying the responsibilities
of the State, local governments, corporations and citizens, and
prescribing the basic policy considerations for environmental
conservation.
(Terminology)
Article 2
1 For the purpose of this law, "environmental load"
means any adverse effects on the environment generated by human
activities which may cause interference with environmental conservation.
2 For the purpose of this law, "global environmental
conservation" means environmental conservation regarding
such phenomena as global warming, the ozone layer depletion, marine
pollution, decrease in wildlife species and others which are caused
by human activities and affect the environment of the entire globe
or a large part of it, which contributes to the welfare of mankind
as well as to the healthy and cultured living of the people.
3 For the purpose of this law, "environmental pollution"
("Kogai" in Japanese) means, among interference with
environmental conservation, air pollution, water pollution (including
a deterioration of water's unadulterated state other than the
water quality and the quality of the bottom. The same shall apply
hereinafter except for Article 16 Paragraph 1.), soil contermination,
noise, vibration, ground subsidence (excluding subsidence caused
from land excavation for mineral exploitation. The same shall
apply hereinafter.) and offensive odors affecting an extensive
area as a result of business and other human activities, which
cause damage to human health or the living environment (icluding
property closely related to human life, as well as fauna and flora
closely related to human life and their living environment. The
same shall apply hereinafter.)
(Enjoyment and Future Succession of Environmental Blessings)
Article 3
Environmental conservation shall be conducted appropriately to
ensure that the present and future generations of human beings
can enjoy the blessings of a healthy and productive environment
and that the environment as the foundation of human survival can
be preserved into the future, in consideration that preserving
the healthy and productive environment is indispensable for healthy
and cultured living for the people, and the environment is maintained
by a delicate balance of the ecosystem and forms the foundation
of human survival, which is finite in its carrying capacity and
presently at risk of being damaged by the environmental load generated
by human activities.
(Creation of A Society Ensuring Sustainable Development
with Reduced Environmental Load)
Article 4
Environmental conservation shall be promoted so that a society
can be formulated where the healthy and productive environment
is conserved and sustainable development is ensured by fostering
sound economic development with reduced environmental load, through
practices on environmental conservation such as reducing as much
as possible the environmental load generated by socio-economic
and other activities, which are voluntarily and positively pursued
by all the people sharing fair burden ; and so that interference
with environmental conservation can be anticipatively prevented
through enhancing scientific knowledge.
(Active Promotion of Global Environmental Conservation through
International Cooperation)
Article 5
Global environmental conservation shall be actively promoted in
cooperation with other contries, utilizing Japan's capacities
and resources, and in accordance with Japan's standing in the
international community, in consideration of the fact that global
environmental conservation is a common concern of mankind as well
as a requirement in ensuring healthy and cultured living of the
people into the future, and that the Japanese economy and society
is closely interdependant with the international community.
(Responsibility of the State)
Article 6
The State is responsible for formulating and implementing fundamental
and comprehensive policies with regard to environmental conservation,
pursuant to the basic principles on environmental conservation
priscribed in the three articles preceding (hereinafter referred
to as the "basic principles").
(Responsibility of Local Governments)
Article 7
The local governments are responsible for formulating and implementing
policies with regard to environmental conservation corresponding
to national policies and other policies in accordance with the
natural and social conditions of the local governments' jurisdiction,
pursuant to the basic principles.
(Responsibility of Corporations)
Article 8
1 In conducting business activities, corporations are responsible
for taking necessary measures to prevent environmental pollution,
such as the treatment of smoke and soot, polluted water and wastes,
etc. resulting from their activities, and to propery conserve
the natural environment, pursuant to the basic principles.
2 In manufacturing, processing or selling products, or
engaging in other business activities, corporations are responsible
for taking necessary measures for ensuring proper disposal of
wastes generated from products and other goods related to their
activities, so as to prevent interference with environmental conservation,
pursuant to the basic principles.
3 Besides the responsibilities priscribed in the preceding
two Paragraphs, in manufacturing, processing or selling products,
or engaging in other business activities, corporations are responsible
for making efforts to reduce the environmental loads resulting
from the use or disposal of the products and other goods related
to their activities; and for making efforts to use recyclable
resources and other materials and services which contribute to
reducing the environmental loads in their activities, so as to
prevent interference with environmental conservation, pursuant
to the basic principles.
4 Besides the responsibilities priscribed in the preceding
three Paragraphs, corporations are responsible for making voluntary
efforts to conserve the environment such as reduction of the environmental
loads in the course of their business activities; and for cooperating
with the policies implemented by the State or local governments
with regard to
environmental conservation, pursuant to the basic principles.
(Resposibility of Citizens)
Article 9
1 Citizens shall make efforts to reduce the environmental
loads associated with their daily lives so as to prevent interference
with environmental conservation, pursuant to the basic principles.
2 Besides the responsibility priscribed in the preceding
Paragraph, citizens are responsible for making efforts to conserve
the environment and for cooperating with the policies implemented
by the State or local governments with regard to environmental
conservation, pursuant to the basic principles.
(Environment Day)
Article 10
1 In order to promote awareness and understanding of environmental
conservation among corporations and the people, and to encourage
willingness to pursue activities related to environmental conservation,
there shall be designated the Environment Day.
2 The Environment Day shall be June 5th.
3 The State and local governments shall make efforts to
carry out events which support the spirit and objective of the
Environment Day.
(Legislative Measures etc.)
Article 11
The Government shall take legislative, financial and other measures
required to implement the policies with regard to environmental
conservation.
(Annual Report)
Article 12
1 The Government shall submit annually to the Diet a report
on the state of the environment and the policies with regard to
environmental conservation.
2 The Government shall make and submit annually to the
Diet a document explaining policies the Government is going to
implement considering the state of the environment as described
in the report in the preceding Paragraph.
(Prevention of Air Pollution and like by Radioactive Substances)
Article 13
The measures to prevent air pollution, water pollution and soil
contermination caused by radioactive substances shall be implemented
under the Atomic Energy Basic Law (Law No.186 of 1955) and other
related legislation.
Chapter 2 Basic Policies for Environmental Conservation
Section 1 Guidelines for Policy Formulation
Article 14
The formulation and implementation of policies for environmental
conservation set forth in this chapter shall be administered comprehensively
and systematically, coordinating the various measures, pursuant
to the basic principles and aiming at ensuring the following objectives.
(1) To maintain natural elements of the environment such
as air, water and soil in good condition so as to protect human
health, to conserve the living environment and to properly preserve
the natural environment.
(2) To protect the biodiversity such as diversity of ecosystems
and wildlife species, and to orderly conserve the various features
of natural environment such as in the forest, farmlands and waterside
areas in accordance with the natural and social conditions of
the area.
(3) To maintain rich and harmonious contacts between people
and nature.
Section 2 Basic Environment Plan
Article 15
1 The Government shall establish a basic plan with regard
to environmental conservation (hereinafter referred to as the
"Basic Environment Plan") in order to comprehensively
and systematically promote the policies for environmental conservation.
2 The Basic Environment Plan shall stipulate the following
matters.
(1) The outline of the comprehensive and long-term policies
for environmental conservation
(2) Besides the preceding matter, the matters required
to comprehensively and systematically promote the policies for
environmental conservation
3 The Prime Minister shall formulate a draft of the Basic
Environment Plan and ask Cabinet for its decision, after hearing
the opinion of the Central Environment Council.
4 The Prime Minister shall promulgate the Basic Environment
Plan without delay when the Cabinet has made its decision in accordance
with the preceding Paragraph.
5 The preceding two Paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis
to changes of the Basic Environment Plan.
Section 3 Environmental Quality Standards
Article 16
1 With regard to the environmental conditions related to air
pollution, water pollution, soil contamination and noise, the
Government shall respectively establish environmental quality
standards, the maintenance of which is desirable for the protection
of human health and the conservation of the living environment.
2 In the event that the standards referred to in the preceding
Paragraph establish more than one category and stipulate that
land or water areas to which those categories are to be applied
should be designated, the Government may delegate to the prefectural
governors concerned the authority to designate those land or water
areas, in accordance with Cabinet Order.
3 With regard to the standards set forth in Paragraph 1,
due scientific consideration shall always be given and such standards
shall be revised whenever necessary.
4 The Government shall make efforts to attain the standard
provided for in Paragraph 1 by comprehensively and effectively
implementing policies concerning environmental pollution control
which are set forth in this chapter (hereinafter referred to as
the "environmental pollution control policies").
Section 4 Environmental Pollution Control in Specific Areas
(Formulation of Environmental Pollution Control Program)
Article 17
1 The Prime Minister shall instract the prefectural governors
concerned to formulate programs on measures for environmental
pollution control (hereinafter referred to as the "Environmental
Pollution Control Program"),
concerning areas specified as either of the following categories,
by presenting the basic directions of the environmental pollution
control policies to be implemented in those areas.
(1) Areas where environmental pollution is currently serious
and where it is recognized that it is very difficult to prevent
environmental pollution unless the environmental pollution control
policies are comprehensively implemented.
(2) Areas where environmental pollution is likely to become
serious due to the rapidly increasing concentration of population,
industry etc., and where it is recognized that it will be very
difficult to prevent environmental pollution unless the environmental
pollution control policies are comprehensively implemented.
2 The basic directions provided for in the preceding Paragraph
shall be formulated on the basis of the Basic Environment Plan.
3 When the prefectural governors concerned has receieved
the instruction provided for in Paragraph 1, he/she shall formulate
an Environmental Pollution Control Program in accordance with
the basic directions provided for in the same Paragraph and shall
submit it to the Prime Minister for his/her approval.
4 Prior to issuing the instruction under Paragraph 1 or
giving the approval required under the preceding Paragraph, the
Prime Minister shall ask the Conference on Environmental Pollution
Control for its decision.
5 Prior to issuing the instruction under Paragraph 1, the
Prime Minister shall hear the opinions of the prefectural governors
concerned.
(Promotion of Attainment of Environmental Pollution Control
Program)
Article 18
The State and local governments shall make efforts to take measures
necessary for the attainment of Environmental Pollution Control
Programs.
Section 5 Implementation of Policies for Environmental Conservation by the State
(Consideration in Formulation of Policies by the State)
Article 19
The State shall consider environmental conservation when formulating
and implementing policies which are deemed to influence the environment.
(Promotion of Environmental Impact Assessment)
Article 20
The State shall take necessary measures to ensure that, when corporations
are engaged in alteration of land shape, construction of new structures
and other similar activities, they will conduct in advance, surveys,
forecasts or evaluations of the environmental impact of such activities
and will give proper consideration to environmental conservation
based on the results of them.
(Regulations to Prevent Interference with Environmental
Conservation)
Article 21
1 The State shall take the following regulatory measures to
prevent interference with environmental conservation.
(1) Regulatory measures necessary to prevent environmental
pollution, inter alia, by setting the standards with which corporations
must comply regarding such activities as emission of substances
causing air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination or
offensive odors; generation of noise or vibration; and the taking
of underwater causing ground subsidence.
(2) Regulatory measures necessary to prevent environmental
pollution with regard to land use and construction of facilities
causing pollution in an area where the pollution is serious or
is likely to become serious.
(3) Regulatory measures necessary to prevent interference
with appropriate conservation of the natural environment regarding
activities which may cause those interference, such as alteration
of land shape, construction of new structures, cutting of trees
and other activities in areas where conservation of the natural
environment is especially
required.
(4) Regulatory measures necessary to prevent interference
with appropriate protection of natural objects with regard to
such activities as capturing, collecting, damaging which may cause
those interference as to natural objects necessary to be protected
such as the wildlife, geographical and geological features of
land or sources of hot springs.
(5) Regulatory measures necessary to prevent both environmental
pollution
and interference with conservation of the natural environment
where both of them occur or may occur.
2 Besides the regulatory measures provided for in the preceding
Paragraph, the State shall make efforts to take necessary regulatory
measures similar to Subparagraph 1 and 2 of the preceding Paragraph,
in order to prevent interference with environmental conservation
with regard to human health and the living environment.
(Economic Measures to Prevent Interference with Environmental
Conservation)
Article 22
1 In order to encourage persons who are conducting the activities
generating or causing to generate environmental load (referred
to as the "load activities" in this Article) to take
appropriate measures such as introduction of facilities which
reduce the environmental load, and thus to prevent interference
with environmental conservation, the State shall make efforts
to take necessary measures to provide necessary and appropriate
economic assistance to those persons taking into consideration
their economic situation.
2 In consideration of the fact that the measures, which
aim at encouraging persons who are conducting the load activities
to undertake voluntarily to reduce the environmental load by means
of imposing appropriate and equitable economic surcharges on them,
are expected to be effective in preventing interference with environmental
conservation, and that such measures are internationally recommended;
the State shall appropriately conduct surveys and researchs
on the effectiveness of implementing such measures with regard
to prevention of interference with environmental conservation
and on the effects of such measures on Japanese economy; and should
it be deemed necessary to implement such measures, the State shall
make efforts to acquire the understanding and cooperation of the
people with regard to utilization of such measures to prevent
interference with environmental conservation. In this case, should
such measures be implemented for global environmental conservation,
the State shall consider international collaboration so as to
appropriately ensure the effectiveness of such measures.
(Promotion of Construction of Facilities and Other Projects
for
Environmental Conservation)
Article 23
1 The State shall take necessary measures to promote projects
for prevention of interference with environmental conservation,
i.e. construction of public facilities such as buffer zones, and
other projects such as dredging of sludge and protection and breeding
of the endangered wildlife.
2 The State shall take necessary measures to promote projects
which contribute to prevention of interference with environmental
conservation, i.e. the construction of public facilities such
as sewerage, public waste disposal facilities, traffic facilities
(including transpotation facilities) which contribute to reduce
the environmental load, and other projects such as improvement
of forests.
3 The State shall take necessary measures to promote projects
for appropriate improvement and sound use of the natural environment,
including such public facilities as parks and green areas.
4 The State shall take necessary measures to promote appropriate
use of the public facilities provided for in the preceding two
Paragraphs and other measures to increase the function of environmental
conservation with regard to these facilities.
(Promotion of Use of Products Contributing to Reduction
of
Environmental Load)
Article 24
1 The State shall take necessary measures such as providing
corporations with technical assistance so that, in manufacturing,
processing or selling products, or engaging in other business
activities, they can appropriately consider the reduction of the
environmental load associated with products and other goods, by
voluntarily assessing in advance the environmental load generated
by the use or disposal of the products and other goods.
2 The State shall take necessary measures to encourage
use of recyclable resources and other materials, products and
services which contribute to the reduction of the environmental
load.
(Education and Learning on Environmental Conservation)
Article 25
The State shall take necessary measures to increase corporations'
and citizens' understanding of environmental conservation and
to encourage their willingness to engage in activities related
to environmental conservation, by means of promoting environmental
education and learning and improving public relations activities
with regard to environmental conservation.
(Measures to Promote Voluntary Activities by Private Organizations)
Article 26
The State shall take necessary measures to promote voluntary activities
with regard to environmental conservation such as tree planting
and the recovery of recyclable resources conducted by corporations,
citizens or private bodies organized by these entities (hereinafter
referred to as the "private bodies etc.").
(Provision of Information)
Article 27
The State shall make efforts to appropriately provide necessary
information on environmental conservation including the state
of the environment, so as to promote the education and learning
provided for in Article 25 and to contribute to the activities
voluntarily conducted by the private bodies etc. provided for
in the preceding Article, in consideration of the rights and benefits
of individuals and legal entities.
(Implementation of Researchs)
Article 28
The State shall conduct surveys on the state of the environment,
researchs on forecast of environmental changes and other studies
for formulation of policies with regard to environmental conservation.
(Improvement in Systems for Monitoring and Others)
Article 29
The State shall make efforts to establish systems of monitoring,
patrolling, observations, measurements, examinations and inspections
in order to ascertain the state of the environment and properly
implement the policies with regard to environmental conservation.
(Promotion of Science and Technology)
Article 30
1 The State shall promote science and technology with regard
to understanding of the mechanisms of environmental changes, reduction
of environmental load, development of methods to evaluate comprehensively
both the effects on the environment caused by the economy and
the blessings on the economy derived from the environment, and
other science and technology with regard to environmental conservation.
2 In order to promote science and technology with regard
to environmental conservation, the State shall establish research
systems, promote research and development, disseminate the results
of research and development, train researchers, and take other
necessary measures.
(Settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes and Relief
of Damage)
Article 31
1 The State shall take necessary measures to effectively implement
mediation, arbitration, etc. with regard to disputes related to
environmental pollution, and take other necessary measures to
smoothly resolve problems arising from environmental pollution.
2 The State shall take necessary measures to smoothly implement
measures for relieving the damage caused by environmental pollution.
Section 6 International Cooperation for Global Environmental Conservation etc.
(International Cooperation for Global Environmental Conservation
etc.)
Article 32
1 The State shall make efforts to take necessary measures
to secure international collaboration for global environmental
conservation and to promote other international cooperation for
global environmental conservation; and to assist conservation
of the environment in developing regions and the environmental
features being recognized of its international value, which contribute
to both the welfare of mankind and the healthy and cultured living
of the Japanese people (referred to as the "environmental
conservation in developing regions etc." in this Article)
and to promote other international cooperation for environmental
conservation in developing regions etc.
2 The State shall make efforts to take necessary measures
to smoothly promote international cooperation with regard to both
global environmental conservation and environmental conservation
in developing regions etc. (hereinafter referred to as the "global
environmental conservation etc."), including training experts
on the international cooperation with regard to global environmental
conservation etc., and the collection, arrangement and analysis
of information on global environmental conservation etc. e.g.
the state of the environment in areas outside Japan.
(Ensuring International Cooperation for Monitoring, Observation
and Others)
Article 33
The State shall make efforts to ensure international collaboration
so as to effectively promote the monitoring, observation and measurement
of the environmental situation with regard to global environmental
conservation etc. It shall also make efforts to promote international
cooperation to carry out surveys, examinations and researchs with
regard to global environmental conservation etc.
(Measures to Promote Activities by Local Governments and
Private Organizations)
Article 34
1 In consideration of the importance of the roles played by
local governments in promoting international cooperation with
regard to global environmental conservation etc., the State shall
make efforts to take necessary measures e.g. providing information,
to promote such activities by local governments for international
cooperation.
2 In consideration of the importance of voluntary activities
conducted by private bodies etc. outside Japan for international
cooperation with regard to global environmental conservation etc.,
the State shall make efforts to take necessary measures e.g. providing
information, to promote such activities by private bodies etc.
(Considerations in Implementation of International Cooperation
and Others)
Article 35
1 The State, in implementing international cooperation, shall
make efforts to consider global environmental conservation etc.
in the areas where the international cooperation is implemented.
2 The State shall make efforts to take necessary measures
e.g. providing information to corporations, so that the corporations
can properly consider global environmental conservation etc. in
the areas outside Japan where these corporations conduct their
business activities.
Section 7 Implementation of Policies by Local Governments
Article 36
Local governments shall comprehensively and systematically implement
and promote policies corresponding to the national policies provided
for in Section 5 and other policies necessary for environmental
conservation in accordance with the natural and social conditions
of the local governments' jurisdiction. In this case, the prefecture
shall mainly implement the policies for a large area and comprehensively
coordinate the policies administered by the municipalities.
Section 8 Cost Bearing and Financial Measures
(Cost Bearing by Causers)
Article 37
The State and local governments shall take necessary measures
to ensure that, when the State, local governments or their equivalents
(referred to as the "public corporation entities" in
this Article) implement a project which is deemed necessary and
appropriate in order to prevent environmental pollution or interference
with conservation of the natural environment (referred to as the
"interference related to environmental pollution etc."
in this Article) considering the necessity of prompt prevention
of the interference, the scale of the project and other circumstances,
persons who have caused the circumstances necessitating the project
are required to bear appropriate and equitable share of the entire
or a part of the expenses to implement the project, upon recognizing
it is appropriate to make them bear the cost taking into account
the extent of interference related to environmental pollution
etc. caused by and degree of responsibility attributed to their
activities.
(Cost Bearing by Beneficiaries)
Article 38
The State and local governments shall take necessary measures
to ensure that, when persons receive a special benefit from the
implementation of nature conservation projects carried out in
areas where conservation of the natural environment is especially
required, those persons are required to bear appropriate and equitable
share of the entire or a part of the expenses to implement such
projects in accordance with the degree of benefit received.
(Financial Measures for Local governments)
Article 39
The State shall make efforts to take necessary financial measures
and other measures with regard to the expenses borne by the local
governments to formulate and implement policies for environmental
conservation.
(Cooperation between the State and Local governments)
Article 40
The State and local governments shall cooperate on implementing
policies for environmental conservation.
Chapter 3 Environment Council etc.
Section 1 Environment Council
(Central Environment Council)
Article 41
1 There is hereby established a Central Environment Council
(hereinafter referred to as the "Council") in the Environment
Agency.
2 The Council shall be in charge of the following tasks.
(1) To handle the task provided for in Article 15 Paragraph
3 with regard to the Basic Environment Plan.
(2) To study and disscuss the basic matters with regard
to environmental conservation in response to the consultation
by the Prime Minister.
(3) To study and disscuss the important matters with regard
to environmental conservation in response to the consultation
by the Director General of the Environment Agency.
(4) In addition to the tasks referred to in the preceding
three Subparagraphs, delegated tasks as provided for by other
laws and ordinances.
3 The Council may submit its opinions to the Prime Minister,
the Director General of the Environment Agency or other ministers
concerned, with regard to the matters provided for in the preceding
Paragraph.
(Organization of Central Environment Council)
Article 42
1 The Council shall be comprised of no more than 80 members.
2 The Council may designate special members when necessary
to study and disscuss special matters.
3 The Council members and special members shall be appointed
by the Prime Minister from among academics or those having expertise
or experiances with regard to environmental conservation.
4 The Council members and special members shall serve on
a part-time basis.
5 Besides those provided for in the preceding Paragraphs,
matters necessary for the organization and administration of the
Council shall be stipulated by Cabinet Order.
(Prefectural Environment Council)
Article 43
1 The prefecture shall establish a Prefectural Environment
Council to study and discuss the basic matters and others with
regard to environmental conservation within the prefecture's jurisdiction.
2 The matters necessary for the organization and administration
of the Prefectural Environment Council shall be stipulated by
prefectural ordinances.
(Municipal Environment Council)
Article 44
The municipality may establish a Municipal Environment Council,
as stipulated by municipal ordinances, to study and discuss the
basic matters and others with regard to environmental conservation
within the area of the municipality.
Section 2 Conference on Environmental Pollution Control
(Establishment and Mandates)
Article 45
1 There is hereby established a Conference on Environmental
Pollution Control (hereinafter referred to as the "Conference")
as a special organization in the Prime Minister's Office.
2 The Conference shall perform the following mandates.
(1) To deal with matters provided for in Article 17 Paragraph
4 with regard to the Environmental Pollution Control Program.
(2) In addition to the task referred to in the preceding
Subparagraph, to discuss the planning of basic and comprehensive
policies for environmental pollution control and promote the implementation
of such policies.
(3) In addition to the task referred to in the preceding
two Subparagraphs, delegated tasks as provided for by other laws
and cabinet orders.
(Organization etc.)
Article 46
1 The Conference is comprised of a chairman and Conference
members.
2 The Prime Minister shall be the chairman.
3 Members shall be appointed by the Prime Minister from
among the heads of the ministries and agencies concerned.
4 There shall be secretaries of the Conference.
5 Secretaries shall be appointed by the Prime Minister
from among officials of the ministries and agencies concerned.
6 Secretaries shall assist the chairman and members in
dealing with mandates of the Conference.
7 The administrative work of the Conference shall be handled
by the Environment Agency.
8 Besides those provided for in the preceding Paragraphs,
matters necessary for organization and operation of the Conference
shall be provided for by Cabinet Order.
Supplementary Provision
This law shall be enter into force on the day of its promulgation except for the provisions of Articles 43 and 44, which shall enter into force on the day stipulated by Cabinet Order within a year since the promulgation of this law.
(end)